Which measurement does a vernier caliper NOT typically provide?

A vernier caliper is a precise measuring instrument designed to provide accurate measurements of various dimensions. The tool is adept at measuring inside diameters, outside diameters, and wall thickness due to its design, which incorporates two sets of jaws: one for external measurements and another for internal measurements. Additionally, a depth probe can assist in measuring wall thickness.

However, the measurement of the speed of sound falls outside the scope of what a vernier caliper can provide. Speed of sound is a physical constant that describes how fast sound travels through a medium and is typically expressed in meters per second. This measurement requires specialized equipment or techniques, such as using microphones and distance measurements, which are not features of a vernier caliper. Thus, the vernier caliper does not measure speed of sound, making that the correct answer.